Best Practices for Applying to Federal Jobs

By Jenni Allnutt, Federal Jobs Coach/Trainer

Applying for a federal job can be frustrating and confusing. There are several tips that can help you navigate the application process successfully. The federal hiring process is different from the private sector, so it's important to be thorough and strategic. Here are some best practices for navigating the federal jobs application process:

Create an account in USAJobs:

Most federal job openings are listed on USAJobs.gov. Familiarize yourself with the website, create an account, and set up job alerts to receive notifications about relevant positions.

Read the job announcement carefully:

  • Pay close attention to Duties, Specialized Experience, How you will be Evaluated, How to Apply, Qualifications, and Questionnaire sections within the job announcement. Any reference to KSA’s (Knowledge/Skills/Abilities and/or Competencies should be in your federal resume.

Utilize the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Website:

  • The OPM website is a valuable resource for both federal jobs seekers as well as current federal employees. Search for the Occupational Handbook, research Occupational Series, empower your search! You can also find the General Schedule (GS) Table.

Highlight your achievements and Build that Resume!

  • Visit The Resume Place for great advice on how to construct a federal resume. Pro tip, this resume follows a specific format that is unlike a private sector resume. These resources are free on The Resume Place website. The Resume Place does offer fee-based services as well.

  •  Visit the USAJobs website to follow their guidance for using their resume builder. Most job announcements encourage you to use the resume builder through this site. Emphasize your accomplishments and how they align with the requirements of the position.

Follow the application instructions:

  • Submit all required documents and information as specified in the job announcement. Failure to follow instructions can result in your application being disqualified.

Complete the questionnaire thoroughly:

  • Some federal applications include a questionnaire. Take the time to answer each question thoroughly and accurately, as this information is often used to assess your qualifications. If you have one year of “Specialized Experience” you should answer “E” for Expert on the questionnaire.

Include veterans' and/or Schedule A preference information if applicable:

  • If you are a veteran, make sure to include your veteran's preference information. Veterans' preference can give you an advantage in the federal hiring process. Please visit The Veterans Preference Advisor to determine if you are eligible for Veterans Preference Points.

  • All federal agencies now have a Veterans Representatives to help you navigate the application process. Locate a representative.

  • You will also need to upload your DD214 and SF-15 onto the USAJobs website and attach these documents to your application packet every time!

  • If you are attempting to apply under Schedule A, for persons with disabilities, you will need a Schedule A letter from the provider of your care, which should be uploaded to your USAJobs Personal Profile. You should attach these documents to your application packet every time!

  • Many federal agencies now have Selective Placement Coordinators to assist you in navigating the federal application process. If an agency has a coordinator, you can find this information here.

Referred?

  • If you receive notification that you have been “referred” on a federal application, congratulations you have passed the first level! Referred, however, is not a guarantee of an interview. An HR generalist may or may not refer you; a hiring manager will determine if they wish to call you in for an interview.

Check and double-check:

  • Review your application for errors before submitting it. Typos and mistakes can create a negative impression and may harm your chances.

Be patient:

  • The federal hiring process can be lengthy. Be patient and follow up on your application status if allowed by the application instructions.

Prepare for interviews:

  • If you are selected for an interview, prepare by researching the agency and being ready to discuss your qualifications and experiences in more detail.

Track your applications:

  • You can track your applications and export them by going to your USAJobs homepage. Check out the bottom right-hand corner to see an option to Export Existing Applications

Remember that persistence and patience are key when applying for federal positions. Keep refining your approach based on feedback and experiences, and don't be discouraged by the sometimes-lengthy process.

Jessica Mills